School closures refer to the temporary or permanent shutdown of educational institutions, typically due to specific circumstances such as emergencies, natural disasters, public health crises, or other significant events. Closures can occur at various levels, including individual schools, districts, or entire regions. During prolonged closures, students may transition to remote learning or alternative educational arrangements. The impacts of school closures can be profound, affecting not only students’ academic progress but also their social development, mental health, and access to essential services, such as meals and support programs. School closures are often implemented as a public safety measure to prevent the spread of disease or address concerns that threaten the safety and well-being of students and staff. The decision to close schools usually involves coordination between education authorities, health officials, and local government agencies.